Exploring Speech Language Pathologist’s Awareness and Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence in Dysphagia

Objectives Over the past decade, speech language pathologists (SLPs) have become key figures in the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of dysphagia. Their evaluations may involve bedside assessments, inpatient and outpatient evaluations, as well as interventions. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have revolutionised healthcare, making patient monitoring and management through virtual care and advanced wearable technology a standard practice. Numerous AI-based applications, such as SWALLO, Gokuri, and Swallowscope, are available for the assessment and management of dysphagia. However, it has been observed that SLPs often continue to rely on traditional methods for swallowing practice. To date, no study has specifically examined the awareness and attitudes of SLPs towards using AI-based applications for dysphagia intervention in India. The objective of this study is to assess the overall perceptions and attitudes of SLPs towards integrating AI into their daily practice. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling. The study unfolded in two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was developed, and content validation was done by three professional SLPs with expertise in dysphagia practice. The second phase involved gathering responses through Google Forms sent online to 97 SLPs working in diverse settings, such as clinics, hospitals, and institutes in India. The questionnaire aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes of SLPs regarding the use of AI in swallowing practice. Results Out of the survey of 97 SLPs, a majority (64.9%) held a BASLP degree, 27.8% (n=27) had an MSc in SLP, 6.2% (n=6) had completed a MASLP, and 1% (n=1) held a PhD, and most specialised in both adult and paediatric populations (74%). However, only 14.3% had taken a specialised course in dysphagia. In terms of AI knowledge, only 20.6% of participants were aware of AI applications in dysphagia, and a mere 16.5% frequently used them. Despite limited use, more than half (53.6%) viewed AI tools positively, recognising their time-saving benefits, ability to enhance diagnosis and intervention, and potential for remote accessibility. A key finding was the general optimism among 44.32% respondents about AI’s future role, though 34.02% were unsure or lacked experience, emphasising the need for more education and training. Conclusion This study highlights the necessity for formal training in AI tools for SLPs. While there is enthusiasm for AI’s potential to enhance traditional methods and improve patient care, uncertainty remains a major barrier to its adoption in dysphagia management. To address this, increasing awareness and providing hands-on training could facilitate the integration of AI into practice. Although AI adoption in dysphagia therapy is still emerging in India, targeted education and training programs could bridge knowledge gaps and lead to improved patient outcomes.