The role of emerging technologies in advancing athlete performance: A narrative review

The pursuit of peak athletic performance is increasingly driven by technological innovation. This narrative review explores the role of emerging technologies in monitoring, analyzing, and enhancing the capabilities of athletes. We focus on the crosstalk between specific organ systems-the brain, the musculoskeletal system, and the cardiovascular system-and the technologies designed to interface with them. Key areas discussed include neurotechnology for cognitive training and recovery, wearable sensors and imaging for musculoskeletal assessment, and advanced biomonitoring for cardiovascular and metabolic optimization. A summary table synthesizes the technologies, their target organs, and primary applications. While these tools offer unprecedented insights, we also discuss challenges related to data interpretation, integration, and accessibility. The future of athletic performance lies in a holistic, technology-enabled understanding of the athlete as a complete, interconnected system.