Emergence of Prebiotic Self-Replicating Systems Under Early Earth Conditions: An 800-Million-Year Forward Chemical Evolution Model

This work presents a full-scale forward simulation of prebiotic chemical evolution under realistic early-Earth environmental conditions. The model integrates atmospheric photochemistry, hydrothermal vent catalysis, mineral-surface polymerization, vesicle formation, nucleotide and amino-acid synthesis pathways, and fidelity-limited replication dynamics across an 800-million-year geological interval. The simulation captures monomer production, polymer length evolution, vesicle population behavior, and the emergence of stable self-replicating chemical clusters capable of persistence under resource competition and energy-gradient constraints. A representative emergent structure containing 55 stabilized nodes is examined, with predicted physical properties including conductivity, density, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and biochemical suitability. The results provide one of the most comprehensive synthetic reconstructions of prebiotic chemical evolution to date, demonstrating that early Earth conditions naturally allow the spontaneous formation of replication-capable, compartment-stabilized chemical systems. This work contributes to modern abiogenesis research, planetary habitability studies, and the theoretical foundation of origin-of-life chemical pathways.