A New Method for Comprehensive Power Rating and Performance Analysis of PERC Modules based on Half-Cut Cell Technology

Photovoltaic (PV) Solar energy plays a vital role in the transition to sustainable and renewable energy sources. The performance and durability of PV cells are significantly influenced by their operating conditions, particularly temperature and irradiance. Understanding these variables and their combined effects is critical for optimizing PV technology. In this context, this work evaluates the effect of temperature and irradiance on the performance of PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell) modules with half-cut cell technology using novel approach based on an analytical model. The model includes three shape parameters (A, M and N) and two PV metrics: open-circuit voltage ( Voc ) and short-circuit current (Isc). By developing explicit formulas for A and M in terms of PV metrics and employing an iterative method to determine N , the model accurately describe the module behavior under controlled power rating tests across a range of irradiances (100 to 1100 W/m²) and temperatures (15 to 75°C), as specified by IEC 61853-1, as well as real weather variations. The findings indicate that irradiance has a significant effect on PERC performance. As irradiance increases, the generation rate of electron-hole pairs rises significantly, leading to a substantial increase in Isc and output power. On the other hand, temperature predominantly affects Voc , with higher temperatures reducing it due to increased electron-hole recombination, leading to a decline in output power. In contrast, Isc shows a slight increase as temperature rises, driven by enhanced material conductivity and a broader absorption spectrum. The reliability and accuracy of the approach are evidenced by an average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of under 0.053 A and a normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) of less than 1.76 %. These outcomes highlight the method’s precision in modeling PV performance across different temperature and irradiance conditions.