Smart Sensors for Condition Monitoring in Mechanical Systems

Condition monitoring (CM) is essential for maintaining the reliability, safety, and efficiency of mechanical systems. With advancements in smart sensor technology, real-time monitoring, diagnostics, and predictive maintenance have become more feasible and accurate. Smart sensors integrate sensing, signal processing, and communication capabilities in a single unit, enabling intelligent data acquisition and analysis. This paper reviews the role of smart sensors in mechanical system condition monitoring, covering sensor types, integration with IoT, data acquisition, signal processing, and machine learning approaches. Case studies illustrate applications in rotating machinery, gearboxes, and hydraulic systems. Challenges such as sensor calibration, data fusion, and cost considerations are discussed. The study concludes that smart sensors significantly enhance reliability, minimize downtime, and enable predictive maintenance strategies in modern mechanical systems