Emergent Hydrosphere Formation: A High-Resolution Reconstruction of Earth's Water Origins.

This study presents a fully integrated, forward-time simulation of Earth’s hydrosphere formation, modeling the coupled delivery, synthesis, and retention of planetary water from the earliest stages of accretion to the establishment of stable global oceans. The unified field-emergent engine incorporates cometary influx, asteroidal delivery, nebular hydrogen adsorption, mantle water storage, dynamic degassing, and late-veneer contributions into a single coherent framework. Using physically grounded parameters for nebular composition, impactor flux, silicate hydration, mantle solubility curves, and degassing dynamics, the model reconstructs a 50-million-year evolution of water acquisition and atmospheric/mantle exchange. The simulation generates a hydrosphere-formation curve, mantle-water budget, degassing timeline, and an emergent global ocean-depth map aligned with real-world estimates of Earth’s total water volume. Results reveal a multi-source origin of Earth’s water, with cometary, asteroidal, and nebular components interacting nonlinearly to produce a stable hydrosphere consistent with modern geochemical and isotopic constraints. The integrated behavior captured in this model provides a novel framework for understanding early planetary water evolution and offers new testable predictions for mantle–surface exchange and late-stage accretion.