VLIV MINERÁLNÍ VÝŽIVY NA OBRANNÉ MECHANISMY A TROFICKÉ VZTAHY U OVOCNÝCH ROSTLIN – PŘEHLED

Mineral nutrition of fruit plants is a key factor influencing not only the yield and quality of the fruit, but also its natural defenses. The availability of macro- and micronutrients, particularly nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese, directly modulates primary metabolism, secondary metabolite synthesis, and the expression of defense-related genes, whereas nutrient imbalances increase plant susceptibility to biotic stressors. Nutrition also shapes the composition and activity of rhizosphere microbial communities, which can induce systemic resistance, and influences the production of volatile organic compounds that regulate interactions among plants, herbivores, and natural enemies. Current evidence highlights that balanced nutritional strategies tailored to species, developmental stage, and site conditions are essential not only for stable fruit production but also for sustainable plant protection and the ecological stability of orchards.