Methodology for the Design of Off-Grid Photovoltaic Systems for Residential Electric Vehicle in Shared Transportation Services

The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in dense urban centers such as Bogotá, Colombia poses critical challenges for energy supply, particularly in shared transport schemes with intensive vehicle use. This paper presents a structured methodology to design and validate an off-grid photovoltaic (PV) system for residential EV charging, integrating probabilistic demand modeling and system simulation. A Monte Carlo approach was applied to capture stochastic variability in daily EV consumption, yielding critical percentiles such as P95 (77.4 kWh/day), used as a robust baseline for system sizing. The PV system was dimensioned considering solar resource availability, storage capacity, and conversion efficiencies, with a final configuration of 44 PV modules, a battery bank of 1,500 Ah at 48 V, and an 8 kW inverter. Validation in PV*SOL software confirmed an average daily generation of 74.8 kWh, with a performance ratio of 84.23 %. This value is approximately 3.4 % below the P95 demand. The results demonstrate the feasibility of deploying autonomous PV-based charging infrastructures for EVs in Bogotá, ensuring reliability even under adverse solar conditions and supporting the transition toward sustainable mobility in Latin American cities.