Polyorchidism: A case report and review of the literature

Polyorchidism is an uncommon congenital anomaly characterised by the presence of one or more supernumerary testicles. This entity is often asymptomatic and typically identified incidentally during the management of other scrotal pathologies. However, it can manifest clinically with a palpable mass or scrotal pain if complications occur. Diagnostic imaging, particularly ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, is pivotal in distinguishing supernumerary testicles from other scrotal masses and detecting complications. Management must be tailored to individual cases and can be either conservative or surgical, depending on the presence of complications and testicular viability. We present a case of a young man who presented in the emergency department with left scrotal pain and a palpable scrotal mass, which the ultrasound revealed to be a supernumerary testicle with associated epididymitis, managed conservatively. This case highlights the importance of imaging studies for the diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic approach of patients with this rare condition.