Some biochemical and immunological parameters in rats infected with Strongyloides stercoralis

Strongyloidiasis, caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, is a globally distributed parasitic infection with significant public health concerns. Due to its ability to establish chronic auto-reinfection, understanding its physiological impact on host biochemistry, immune response, and metabolic homeostasis is crucial. This study aims to assess the systemic effects of S. stercoralis infection in a murine model using a combination of biochemical, immunological, and metabolic analyses. Male Wistar rats (n=30) were divided into three groups: control (uninfected), low-intensity infection (500 larvae), and high-intensity infection (2000 larvae). Infection was established via oral administration of infective third-stage larvae (L3). After 30 days, blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected for biochemical assays, immune profiling, and metabolic analysis. Serum markers of inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), as well as oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and spectrophotometry. Renal and hepatic function was assessed via blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, ALT, and AST. The work was performed from November 1st to December 1st, 2024, in the Laboratory of Parasitology at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah. Infected rats displayed significant increases in IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels. Oxidative stress markers were elevated, with higher MDA levels and reduced catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity in infected groups. Kidney and liver function tests revealed increased BUN, creatinine, ALT, and AST levels, suggesting renal and hepatic dysfunction. This study provides a comprehensive biochemical and immunological characterization of S. stercoralis infection, demonstrating significant systemic alterations.