Temporal Deferral Series II – Energy-Time Unification and the Running of Deferral Fractions

We present a unified framework in which all fundamental interactions arise from the temporal deferral of energy exchange within spacetime. Each process is characterized by a dimensionless deferral fraction and a characteristic deferral time , which together specify the rate and magnitude of delayed energy release. The strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational regimes correspond to distinct pairs : from near-complete, ultrafast deferral (strong) to long-term, probabilistic release (weak) and asymptotically infinite deferral (gravity). In this second paper of the Temporal Deferral Series, we develop a Lorentz-causal field formulation in which a reservoir field mediates deferred energy exchange between Standard-Model sectors. Integrating out yields retarded kernels whose spectral density determines the microscopic origin of and . The resulting formalism produces a logistic deferral β-function governing coupling evolution and predicts natural unification at . The model preserves Lorentz invariance and causality while providing a single causal mechanism for gauge evolution, mass generation, and the emergent arrow of time. This paper forms Part II of the Temporal Deferral Series (2025 – ): a unified temporal-dynamical framework for energy, force, and spacetime.Part II establishes the phenomenological and causal formulation; Part III will derive the underlying Lagrangian and quantized field dynamics.