Grassroots digital humanitarianism and regenerative synergy in the 2023 Türkiye earthquake

Large-scale disasters often reveal a structural disconnect between formal state agencies and agile grassroots humanitarian organizations. This study investigates how digital platforms can bridge this institutional gap. Employing a qualitative case study of the grassroots organization Ahbap during the 2023 Türkiye earthquakes, we thematically analyze 1,577 X posts. Findings demonstrate that Ahbap leveraged social media not only for resource mobilization and community engagement but also for performing radical transparency and engaging in strategic coordination with formal state actors. Based on these findings, the study develops the "regenerative synergy" framework, which illustrates how digital platforms can facilitate a hybrid governance model that links the agility of grassroots actors with the scale of formal institutions. This study makes concrete theoretical contributions to disaster management literature and provides actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners on integrating grassroots digital practices into formal response strategies. • Introduces a hybrid governance model bridging grassroots and formal disaster response. • Demonstrates how digital platforms enable grassroots organizations to perform state functions. • Reveals regenerative synergy integrates tech affordances and regeneration-focused recovery. • Addresses digital inequity, mistrust, and bureaucracy by using social media in disaster systems. • Shows exemplary Ahbap’s X strategy in leading crisis coordination and regenerative recovery.