Analysis of the perceived economic impacts of climate change on vegetable growers in Ghana: A case study of the Kumasi Metropolis

This study examined the perceived economic impacts of climate change on vegetable growers in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combined meteorological data analysis with survey responses from 150 vegetable growers and 10 key informants. Climatic analysis revealed a statistically significant warming trend in mean annual temperature (Sen’s slope = 0.0418, p < 0.0001) and moderate variability in annual rainfall (CV = 0.1398). However, rainfall showed no significant trend (Sen’s slope = 1.3750, p = 0.7126). Notably, 83.3% of growers reported a decrease in income, 82.7% experienced worsened livelihoods, and 75.3% noted an increase in household poverty due to climate change. In response, 89.3% of farmers adopted coping and adaptation strategies, with 92.7% using improved irrigation systems, 78.0% practicing crop diversification, and 68.0% implementing water conservation techniques. Gender-specific patterns were observed, with females more likely to adopt crop diversification and drought-resistant varieties. These findings underscore the tangible economic impacts of climate change and the proactive responses of vegetable growers. The study recommends strengthening climate information services, promoting climate-smart agricultural technologies, supporting livelihood diversification, implementing gender-responsive adaptation programs, and enhancing farmer organizations to build robust climate resilience.