Indoor Characterization and CTM Evaluation of Photovoltaics Modules with Colored Backsheet Rear-Side Glazed Glass

The photovoltaic (PV) industry operates in a highly price-sensitive market, necessitating continuous advancements and optimizations to enhance module efficiency and power output. Traditionally, the primary approach to increasing the power output of PV modules has been the incorporation of high-efficiency solar cells. However, alternative strategies exist that focus on minimizing energy losses and optimizing other module components to improve overall performance. After integrating solar cells into a module stack, several loss mechanisms occur, typically resulting in a lower output power compared to the theoretical sum of the individual cell powers. These losses are generally classified into two categories: optical losses and electrical losses. As a result, photovoltaic (PV) manufacturers experience financial challenges due to cell-to-module (CTM) losses. By adopting strategies to improve optical gains and reduce electrical losses, the CTM ratio can be significantly enhanced. In this study, we systematically evaluate the impact of different back cover materials on CTM gains and the overall power output of PV modules. Methodology of this work involves the characterization and assessment of the transmission and reflection properties of polymer-based backsheets in white, black, and transparent variants. Additionally, transparent, black, and white-colored rear-side glass configurations are investigated. These materials are analyzed in terms of their influence on CTM gains and their overall contribution to the module’s power output. The raw measurement data obtained from these characterizations were processed using SmartCalc.Module, an analytical software tool for CTM analysis. This study offers valuable insights into the optimization of back cover materials for enhanced PV module performance.