Performance Analysis of Terahertz Patch Antennas Using Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

Patch antennas are integral components of modern wireless communication systems, valued for their compact size and high efficiency. This study focuses on enhancing patch antenna performance for terahertz frequency applications. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is employed as the substrate material, and comprehensive simulations are carried out using Ansys Electronics Desktop Software. To improve antenna performance, a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) structure is incorporated by introducing air holes into the substrate. By precisely varying the dimensions of these air gaps, the antenna’s key parameters are optimized. The simulation results demonstrate notable improvements in return loss, gain, radiation pattern, directivity, and other critical performance metrics compared to a conventional antenna without the PhC structure. This research highlights the potential of photonic crystal-based designs to significantly advance next-generation terahertz wireless communication technologies.