Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Using Copper Antennas Enhances Vegetative Growth and Fruit Production in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Sustainable intensification of horticultural production requires innovative approaches that enhance crop productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. This research evaluated the potential of passive electromagnetic field technology through copper antenna systems to improve cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth and yield parameters. An 8-week field trial compared 12 cucumber plants equipped with copper spiral antennas against 6 control plants under identical agronomic management. Growth assessments at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting (WAP) measured plant height and leaf development, while fruit production was monitored across four sequential harvest events. Electroculture-treated plants exhibited superior vertical growth throughout the experimental period, achieving final heights of 61.6 ± 11.2 cm compared to 51.0 ± 14.4 cm in controls, representing a 20.8% increase. Leaf production was remarkably enhanced in treated plants (18.8 ± 2.7 leaves vs 16.7 ± 1.6 leaves at 6 WAP), indicating improved vegetative vigor. Fruit production patterns revealed consistent yields across both groups, with electroculture plants producing slightly more fruits in later harvest periods. Individual plant responses varied considerably, suggesting that electromagnetic field effects interact with plant genetics and microenvironmental conditions. These findings demonstrate that copper-based electroculture systems can significantly enhance cucumber vegetative development, potentially contributing to improved photosynthetic capacity and extended productive periods. The technology's passive operation, requiring no external energy input, positions it as a promising tool for sustainable cucumber production systems, though further research is needed to optimize antenna configurations and understand underlying physiological mechanisms.