Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Prevalence and Resistance Profiles in Intensive Care Units

Nosocomial respiratory infections, particularly common in intensive care units, represent a major challenge due to the proliferation of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). This study aims to assess the prevalence of MDR bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles, isolated from protected bronchial aspirate (PBA) samples from hospitalized patients in intensive care units. Conducted over a one-year period at a laboratory in Casablanca, the study included 100 samples, with 41% showing pathogenic bacteria. Among the identified bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (34%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (8%) were the most prevalent. Of these cases, 24% were nosocomial infections caused by MDR bacteria. Antibiogram results revealed high resistance to carbapenems, particularly due to carbapenemase production, posing a significant therapeutic challenge. However, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains demonstrated sensitivity to colistin and tigecycline, offering alternative treatment options. This study highlights the urgency of improving antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals, especially in intensive care units, and strengthening measures to prevent the spread of MDR bacteria.