A hybrid approach to evaluating digital green smart manufacturing courses

This study proposes an integrated Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Analytic Network Process-VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje for evaluating digital green mechanical engineering curricula, addressing the complexity of sustainability-focused education. The method combines interval type-2 fuzzy sets to handle linguistic uncertainties in expert judgments, Analytic Network process to model interdependencies among evaluation criteria, and VIKOR to generate dynamic compromise solutions for conflicting objectives. A real-world case study demonstrates the framework’s applicability, identifying the optimal curriculum design based on technical, environmental, and pedagogical criteria. Sensitivity and comparative analyses confirm the method’s robustness, which outperforms conventional approaches in managing higher-order uncertainties. The study contributes a reliable decision-making tool for aligning mechanical engineering education with sustainability goals while balancing academic rigor and industrial relevance.