Socioeconomic Disparities in Cervical Cancer Screening: A Comparative Study of Urban Buea and rural Doukoula, Cameroon

Background: Cervical cancer continues to be a significant health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, with high morbidity and mortality despite its preventable nature. This comparative study examines the socioeconomic factors influencing cervical cancer screening in two distinct communities: Buea, a low-resource urban setting in the South West Region, and Doukoula, a more impoverished rural community in the Far North Region. Barriers such as limited education, healthcare access, and cultural norms hinder effective screening and early detection. This study explores the socioeconomic factors influencing the uptake of cervical cancer screening (CCS) in these communities. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the socioeconomic and cultural determinants that affect cervical cancer screening participation among women in Buea and Doukoula, Cameroon. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted through a one-day free screening campaign in Buea and a six-day survey of women in Doukoula. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, which included questions on demographics, health behaviors, and screening uptake. The analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify significant associations between socioeconomic factors and CCS participation. Results: Both studies identified key socio-economic determinants influencing cervical cancer screening uptake. In Buea, age, education level, occupation, marital status, and sexual behaviors, such as age at first sexual intercourse and, number of sexual partners, were significant factors. Similarly, in Doukoula, factors such as low education levels, poverty, early sexual activity, and cultural beliefs were prominent barriers to screening. However, Doukoula also highlighted the pivotal role of local leadership and community mobilization in overcoming these challenges. Education, in particular, was found to be a strong determinant of awareness and health-seeking behavior in both regions. Conclusion: The findings underscore the complex interplay of socioeconomic and cultural factors that influence cervical cancer screening in both Buea and Doukoula. Efforts to improve education, raise awareness, and address socioeconomic barriers are critical to increasing screening uptake and reducing cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in these communities.