Alleviating hemorrhagic shock damage: Protective effects of non-invasive ultrasound therapy on the vagus nerve in the liver and kidneys of rabbits

This study aims to investigate the protective capability of noninvasive ultrasound therapy on the liver and kidneys after hemorrhagic shock. A total of 21 male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were divided into 7 groups (sham, Ultrasound Therapy (UST), UST+Dexamethasone (Dx), Fluid Therapy (FT)+USR+Dx, FT+UST, FT+Dx, FT) Hemorrhage was induced to 30-35% of the total blood volume. A hypotensive resuscitation fluid therapy was administered 3 times the blood volume, lasting 60 min. Ultrasound therapy at 1 MHz was given every 30 min with an intensity of 1 W/cm² for 10 min. Blood chemistry parameters Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Total Protein (TP), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and Creatinine (Cr) were tested at min 0 (before shock), min 60, and min 180. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues was performed. The results showed that the FT+UST+Dx group had the highest protection in liver blood chemistry, while FT+Dx and FT provided the best protection in kidney blood chemistry. In histopathological evaluated, FT+UST and FT showed the greatest liver protection, whereas FT+UST+Dx and UST+Dx demonstrated the most preserved kidney structures. In conclusion the study is well coordinated and shows that combining ultrasound therapy with fluid therapy and dexamethasone can provide effective organ protection. Further research is needed to confirm its clinical applicability and review the effects of single therapy versus combination therapy.