Pathophysiology analysis of patients with chronic kidney disease after dialyzes

This study aimed to assess various blood components and electrolyte levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hematopathological parameters, including renal and liver function tests, electrolytes, calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D3, were measured and compared with those in healthy controls. A hospital-based comparative study was conducted with 40 patients diagnosed with (CKD), who exhibited anemia, liver abnormalities, and abnormal electrolyte and vitamin D3 levels. These patients were compared to 20 healthy control subjects without (CKD). Key parameters such as hemoglobin, serum iron, renal and liver function, calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D3 were analyzed across both groups. Hemoglobin levels, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), and serum iron were significantly lower in (CKD) patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Patients also had elevated levels of liver function markers (GOT, GPT, and ALP) and renal function markers (urea and creatinine) relative to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Additionally, calcium and vitamin D3 levels were lower, while phosphate levels were higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.05).Conclusions Patients exhibited significant anemia, notably lower hemoglobin levels, serum iron, calcium, and vitamin D3 levels. In contrast, levels of urea, creatinine, and phosphate (ALP, GOT, and GPT) were significantly elevated. This indicates that (CKD) is associated with distinct hematological and biochemical imbalances.