DRONE LOGISTICS IN PARAGUAY: Exploring the success of Zipline in Rwanda

Abstract Purpose: This paper examines the operational model of Zipline’s drone logistics network in Rwanda to assess the technical feasibility, potential impact, and key requirements for adapting a similar system to enhance healthcare and logistics in Paraguay. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a comparative case study methodology. It draws on operational data, policy analyses, government documents, and published academic studies to evaluate Zipline's hub-and-spoke architecture, regulatory enablers, and community impact. This framework is then used to analyze Paraguay's readiness, considering its geographic, infrastructural, and regulatory landscape. Findings: The analysis indicates that drone networks can significantly enhance the delivery of time-sensitive medical supplies (e.g., blood, vaccines) and bolster emergency response in areas with challenging road infrastructure, as demonstrated in Rwanda. Successful replication in Paraguay is feasible but requires a tailored regulatory framework for Beyond Visual Line Of Sight (BVLOS) operations, strategic investment in ground infrastructure, sustainable financing models, and robust local stakeholder engagement. Originality/value: This paper provides the first in-depth feasibility analysis of applying the successful Rwandan drone logistics model to Paraguay. It offers a prioritized set of evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, NGOs, and logistics stakeholders to develop a pilot project, addressing specific local challenges and opportunities. Keywords: Drone Logistics, Healthcare Supply Chain, Zipline, Paraguay, Rwanda, Last-Mile Delivery, Health Systems Strengthening Plain Language Summary Getting medical supplies like blood and vaccines to remote areas can be difficult because of mountains, poor roads, or bad weather. A company called Zipline solved this problem in Rwanda by using drones to fly medical products directly to hospitals and clinics, saving lives. This research paper explores how Zipline did it successfully. We then study whether the same idea could work in Paraguay, which also has hard-to-reach rural areas. The paper finds that Paraguay could greatly benefit from using drones for medical deliveries. However, to succeed, it would need to create clear rules for flying drones, build the right support systems on the ground, and work closely with local communities.