Reverse Logistics in the Circular Economy System: Paradigms, Opportunities, and Open Problems

In a context of global economic change and growing environmental awareness, the traditional linear economic model, which can be summed up as “take-make-dispose,” is increasingly being challenged in favor of the circular economy. Circular economy aims to maintain the optimal value and use of products, components, and materials. In this context, reverse logistics, originally focused on returns management, and has emerged as a key operational process and a major strategy for sustainability within the circular economy. Reverse logistics activities include the return, recycling, remanufacturing, and disposal of end-of-life products. The integration of reverse logistics into the circular economy has positive repercussions on the environment, the economy, and society. This article explores the relationship between reverse logistics and circular economy by addressing three interconnected aspects: first, the theoretical paradigms underpinning their integration and evolution; second, the opportunities for value creation; and third, the open challenges and future research directions. This work aims to fill the research gaps by analyzing these aspects.