Testing Ecosystem and Collaborative Circular Business Model Frameworks for Hemp-Based CNC-Knitted Construction at Low Technology Readiness Levels

This short paper explores how ecosystem mapping and circular business modeling tools can support early-stage development of hemp-based CNC-knitted construction systems—a low-TRL, bio-based innovation with potential for circular building applications. Focusing on the European Alpine region, the study identifies key structural challenges such as fragmented value chains, limited processing infrastructure, and regulatory gaps. Through stakeholder workshops and speculative modeling, the research highlights the role of digital fabrication, decentralized production, and intermediary actors in enabling more resilient, place-based circular systems. By addressing both technical and socio-economic barriers, the paper contributes to broader efforts in scaling circular bio-based solutions in the built environment.