Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station Allocation on a Coupled Distribution-Transportation Network with Randomly Distributed Photovoltaic Modules

The shift to electromobility through electric vehicle (EV) adoption is hindered by range anxiety, lengthy recharging period, and long queueing times at limited charging stations (CS). These problems can be addressed by utilizing fast charging through high-power chargers, but they can adversely impact the distribution network. Hence, the distribution and transport networks must be studied simultaneously in allocating the charging facilities. This study offers a new perspective by tackling the CS siting and sizing problem in a coupled distribution-transport network with randomly distributed solar modules. M/M/s queueing theory was utilized to provide a realistic EV charging demand. The objective function consisting of minimizing the additional power loss from CS integration, maximizing the captured traffic flow, and minimizing the per-unit cost of land occupied by CS was solved using OpenDSS, MATLAB, and GA. Results showed that voltage violations in the distribution network are the main concern arising from CS deployment, even with the presence of solar modules. Hence, network improvements are necessary to support the high penetration of EVs in the future.