Risk factors for restenosis after coronary angioplasty

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the gold standard regarding the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. PCI has proven superior to fibrinolysis in reducing mortality, reinfarction, and stroke rates, provided recommended time-lapses are achievable. However, like any medical procedure, there is room for failure, known as restenosis in the case of non-stent strategy and in-stent restenosis (ISR) in the case of stent-dependent strategies. Nearly 10% of all PCI develop ISR, most commonly treated with another intervention. Several risk factors have been reported across the literature to identify which patients are the most likely to develop this complication. Proper risk management can lead to the prevention of this complication; therefore, it is imperative for physicians to accurately identify relevant risk factors that have enough evidence backing their impact. This review aims to identify the most relevant quantifiable risk factors for ISR to analyze their contribution to the incidence of this complication.