THE STUDY AND REVIEW ON ANTIDIABETIC HERBAL SYRUP FORMULATION CONTAINING INSULIN PLANT AND FENNEL EXTRACTS WITH STEVIA AS NATURAL SWEETENER

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder arising from the body’s inability to produce sufficient insulin or effectively utilize the insulin available, leading to persistent hyperglycaemia. This condition is associated with significant morbidity and can result in life-threatening complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Globally, the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, affecting millions and placing a substantial burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Conventional ant diabetic medications, although effective, may cause adverse effects and are not always suitable for all patient groups, particularly those with swallowing difficulties. In this context, herbal medicine offers a safe and patient-friendly alternative, combining therapeutic efficacy with improved compliance. The present review focuses on the formulation and evaluation of an ant diabetic herbal syrup containing Costus igneus (insulin plant) and Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) leaf extracts, with Stevia rebaudiana as a natural sweetener and syrup base. This formulation is designed to provide synergistic hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects in a palatable, sugar-free liquid dosage form, making it especially suitable for diabetic patients, including those with dysphagia. The herbal syrup represents a promising complementary approach in diabetes management, emphasizing both safety and patient- oriented care.