Biofuel-Integrated Microgrids for Remote or Island Communities: A Sustainable Energy Solution

Remote and island communities face unique challenges in accessing reliable electricity due to geographic isolation, high fuel transportation costs, and vulnerability to grid disruptions. Biofuel-integrated microgrids offer a sustainable, decentralized energy solution that leverages locally produced biofuels to generate electricity while reducing dependency on imported fossil fuels. This paper reviews the design, implementation, and optimization of biofuel-powered microgrids, including hybrid systems combining solar, wind, and bioenergy. Key considerations such as feedstock availability, storage, reactor design, and energy management are analyzed. Case studies demonstrate the economic, environmental, and social benefits of biofuel microgrids. Challenges in scale-up, policy support, and system integration are discussed, alongside future directions for smart-grid integration, real-time monitoring, and circular bioenergy systems.