A review on the clinical impact of low-load blood flow restriction training on muscle strength in post-menopausal women

Menopause is associated with physiological and hormonal changes that contribute to the decline in muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity, increasing the risk of falls, fractures, and reduced quality of life in postmenopausal women. While high-load resistance training (HLRT) is effective in preserving muscle function, it may not be suitable for women with joint issues or comorbidities. Low-load resistance training combined with blood flow restriction (LLRT-BFR) has emerged as a promising alternative, offering similar benefits with reduced mechanical stress. This review aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of LLRT-BFR on muscle strength and functional performance in postmenopausal women. Ten relevant studies published between 2010 and 2024 were analyzed, involving various training protocols applying 20–30% of one repetition maximum (1RM) with BFR cuffs. The findings consistently demonstrated significant improvements in muscle strength, functional mobility, and, in some cases, body composition and cardiovascular markers. LLRT-BFR was well tolerated, with no major adverse effects reported. These results suggest that LLRT-BFR is a safe, effective, and feasible intervention for postmenopausal women, particularly for those who cannot perform high-load training. Incorporating this method into exercise programs may support healthy aging by preserving muscle function, independence, and overall quality of life.