Redox Signalling & Human Cellular Response: A Technical Overview

This paper provides a technical overview of redox signalling and the cellular response mechanisms that govern oxidative balance, mitochondrial communication, and human biological resilience. It examines the functional role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the Nrf2–Keap1 pathway, redox homeostasis, and transcriptional changes associated with exogenous redox-signalling molecules. The review integrates current scientific understanding with practical implications in cellular health, antioxidant defence, and human performance.