Comparison of overtly and covertly observed hand antisepsis adherence in the intensive care units of a referral hospital in Iran

No significant difference was found in hand antisepsis adherence between overt and covert observation methods, suggesting that both approaches are suitable to assess the in health care centers. It is essential to institutionalize hand antisepsis as an occupational culture in healthcare settings. Raising awareness among healthcare teams about the severe consequences of hospital-acquired infections can provide the necessary motivation for consistent and proper hand antisepsis practices.