Analysis of the ethnogenetic structure of the Mputu population of Djuma (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Based on the Distribution of the ABO Blood Group According to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Parameters

This study focused on 213 Mputu individuals living in the Catholic Mission of Djuma, located in the Kwilu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It aimed to analyze the ethnogenetic structure of this population based on the distribution of the ABO blood group according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium parameters. The results revealed a strong dominance of blood group O (59%), followed by groups B (15%), A (10%), and AB (7%). The corresponding allelic frequencies were 0.75 for O, 0.17 for B, and 0.08 for A. The chi-square test (χ² = 0.0127, df = 3, p > 0.05) indicated that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, reflecting genetic stability and the absence of major evolutionary disturbances. These findings are consistent with observations made in other Bantu populations of Central Africa, where the predominance of the O allele is often associated with adaptive evolution in response to selective pressures such as malaria. The study concludes that there is a high level of genetic homogeneity among the Mputu of Djuma and suggests the need for further research incorporating molecular markers to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of this population.