Bias and Fairness in Artificial Intelligence: Detection and Mitigation Techniques

This review paper examines the critical issues of bias and fairness in artificial intelligence, emphasizing various detection and mitigation techniques proposed in recent research. It systematically analyzes key methods such as data reweighing, adversarial debiasing, and fair representation learning, exploring their effectiveness across domains like healthcare, finance, and education. The paper highlights the ethical implications of biased AI systems and discusses the trade-offs between fairness, transparency, and model performance. By synthesizing findings from multiple studies, it provides a comprehensive overview of current challenges and suggests future directions to promote fairness, accountability, and inclusivity in AI development.