A Devastating Nexus: Armed Conflict, Displacement, and the Erosion of Child Protection in the Eastern DRC

Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is facing a protracted and intensifying armed conflict, leading to massive internal displacement and a severe child protection crisis. This literature review examines the devastating nexus between armed conflict, displacement, and the erosion of child protection in the region, particularly since the escalation of violence in early 2025. The review analyzes the impact of armed conflict on children, including the alarming rise in recruitment and use of child soldiers, sexual violence and exploitation, the destruction of essential infrastructure like schools and hospitals, and the exacerbation of food insecurity. It further explores the impact of displacement on children's well-being, focusing on the dire conditions in IDP camps, the heightened vulnerabilities of unaccompanied and separated children, limited access to essential services, and the breakdown of community support systems. The interplay between conflict and displacement is shown to exacerbate these vulnerabilities, creating a cycle of trauma and deprivation. The review also examines the human rights law and protection gaps, the challenges in ensuring humanitarian aid efficiency, and the limited capacity of the Government of the DRC to protect children. The findings underscore the urgent need for a comprehensive and multi-sectoral approach to address this crisis and protect the rights and well-being of children in Eastern DRC.