SIMULATION OF REVERSE WOOD BIOMASS SUPPLY CHAINS FOR EMISSION-EFFICIENT LOGISTICS SCENARIOS

The increasing importance of renewable energy highlights the need for efficientlogistics in Reversed supply Chains of Wood Biomass (RSCWB). This studyevaluates the cost and emission effectiveness of alternative organisational scenariosfor wood biomass logistics in Poland. A simulation model was developed usinghistorical industry data, forest resource statistics, and actual transport price lists,incorporating cost structures, vehicle parameters, and carbon footprint factors. Fourpotential processing locations were analysed through a scenario based approachsupported by GIS based distance matrices. Results indicate significant regionalvariability in both costs and emissions, with Biała Rawska emerging as the most costeffectiveoption (931 million PLN; 57.7 million kgCO₂e), while Czekanka showed thehighest costs (over 1 billion PLN) with only limited emission benefits. The findingsunderline the crucial role of location selection and transport organisation in improvingthe efficiency and sustainability of RSCWB. The study contributes a practicalmethodological framework for assessing reverse biomass flows, offering insights forboth policymakers and industry stakeholders in advancing circular economystrategies.