The principle of consistency of the EU external action:values, objectives & obstacles

My research examines the application of the principle of consistency within the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and its interaction with the discretion notably enjoyed by all actors in the conduct of foreign affairs. Despite the Treaties’ emphasis on consistency in the EU’s external action, specific inherent features of the CFSP hinder a consistent pursuit of EU principles and objectives. Focusing on the adoption of restrictive measures, the analysis identifies three main discretion-related obstacles: (a) Member States’ political discretion, expressed through the unanimity voting system in the Council, which allows national vetoes and limits collective action; (b) the exercise of national foreign policy sovereign prerogatives through unilateral restrictive measures; and (c) the wide discretion of EU institutions - particularly the Council - whose political choices often escape judicial scrutiny. My research work ultimately explores the interaction between the principles of consistency, solidarity, and loyal cooperation and considers potential legal solutions, including institutional reforms, highlighting the role of the EU Court of Justice in clarifying obligations stemming from the principle of consistency.