Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Obstetric Fistula Patients in Kano, Nigeria

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a major public health challenge in developing countries, particularly among women of low socio-economic status. Obstetric fistula patients are especially vulnerable due to poor hygiene, malnutrition, and limited access to healthcare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic determinants of intestinal parasitic infections among obstetric fistula patients in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 obstetric fistula patients attending the Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain socio-demographic data, and stool samples were examined using direct saline/iodine wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (version 29). Associations between infection and socio-demographic factors were tested using Chi-square at a 5% significance level. Results: Out of 250 samples examined, 41 (16.4%) were positive for at least one intestinal parasite. The most prevalent species were Ascaris lumbricoides (5.6%) and Entamoeba histolytica (4.4%). Infection prevalence was significantly associated with rural residence (χ² = 4.62; p = 0.032), unemployment (χ² = 5.89; p = 0.015), and open defecation (χ² = 6.74; p = 0.034). Other factors such as age, water source, and refuse disposal were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study revealed a moderate prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among obstetric fistula patients, primarily influenced by poor sanitation and socio-economic disadvantage. Integrating parasitological screening into fistula care, improving sanitation, and ensuring access to safe water are essential to reduce infection burden and enhance patient recovery.