A SPATIAL-QUANTILE-FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF FINTECH-ENERGY TRANSITION: SPILLOVERS AND DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS OF FINTECH ON RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Amid growing global urgency for climate action, innovative financial mechanisms are critical for advancing renewable energy transitions in developing economies. This study investigates the role of financial technology (fintech), with a focus on foreign portfolio investment (FPI), in influencing renewable energy investment (REINV) across 54 developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America from 2010 to 2023. Employing a multi-method empirical approach, comprising Spatial Durbin Models (SDM), Quantile Regression (QR), Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), and Spatial Quantile Regression (SQR), the research captures spatial dependencies, distributional heterogeneity, and efficiency dynamics. The SDM results indicate that FPI significantly increases REINV both directly (1.112) and indirectly through spillover effects (0.445), supported by significant spatial autocorrelation (0.334). Economic development and institutional quality also play key roles, with GDP per capita and institutional quality exerting positive and significant direct effects. Quantile regression reveals that FPI has a stronger influence at higher quantiles of REINV, with coefficients rising from 0.745 to 1.445, highlighting distributional inequality in fintech impact. SFA results show that FPI also enhances technical efficiency (0.912), though diminishing marginal returns are evident. Greater financial depth and electricity access reduce inefficiency, while inflation worsens it. Spatial quantile regression further confirms that regional spillovers are more pronounced among high-investment countries, underscoring the role of spatial dynamics in clean energy financing. The findings suggest that fintech can be a catalyst for renewable energy growth, especially in countries with higher institutional and financial capacity. Policy recommendations include strengthening digital infrastructure, enhancing regulatory coordination, and ensuring macroeconomic stability to fully leverage fintech's potential. Future research should explore emerging fintech tools such as decentralized finance and blockchain-based green bonds.