ESTIMATE SOME OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND POTENTIAL HEALTH RISK OF HEAVY METALS IN TOOTHPASTE SAMPLES

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and heavy metal content of commercially available toothpaste products in Derna City, Libya. Ten toothpaste samples, including two specifically formulated for children, were randomly collected and analyzed for pH, sodium (Na), potassium (K), and concentrations of selected heavy metal contents (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, and Cu). Analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and flame photometry were employed. The results revealed that pH values ranged from 5.24 to 7.79, with 40% of the samples exhibiting acidic pH. Sodium concentrations ranged from 2280 to 3900 mg/L, exceeding the recommended limit in several samples, while potassium levels varied between 5 and 62 mg/L. Heavy metals were detected in all samples, with some (particularly Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr) approaching or exceeding permissible limits in certain cases. Health risk assessment, performed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Hazard Index (HI) models, indicated no significant non-carcinogenic risk (THQ and HI values < 1). However, the presence of trace amounts of potentially harmful metals suggests that there should be routine quality monitoring and regulatory oversight, especially for children's oral care products. The findings emphasize the need for continuous assessment to ensure toothpaste safety and compliance with international health standards.