The Universal Power Spectrum: Analytical Integration of the Four Fundamental Forces and Cosmic Energies

All interactions in the observable universe arise from four experimentally confirmed fundamental forces—gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. Observations from particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology reveal that these forces account for only a small fraction of cosmic energy density; the remainder is attributed to dark energy and dark matter. This paper analytically examines the four forces using verified physical laws and summarizes the evidence supporting them. It also reviews theoretical extensions—zero-point and quantum-vacuum energies—and discusses their possible integration into a Universal Power Spectrum (UPS) that links matter, energy, and space time.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2025-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17577330
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

The Universal Power Spectrum: Analytical Integration of the Four Fundamental Forces and Cosmic Energies

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

The Universal Power Spectrum: Analytical Integration of the Four Fundamental Forces and Cosmic Energies

article en

Abstract

All interactions in the observable universe arise from four experimentally confirmed fundamental forces—gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. Observations from particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology reveal that these forces account for only a small fraction of cosmic energy density; the remainder is attributed to dark energy and dark matter. This paper analytically examines the four forces using verified physical laws and summarizes the evidence supporting them. It also reviews theoretical extensions—zero-point and quantum-vacuum energies—and discusses their possible integration into a Universal Power Spectrum (UPS) that links matter, energy, and space time.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk (Norway) (NO)
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 43%
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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