Kidney Stone Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for Kidney Stones

Background: Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are becoming frequent in CMH Peshawar, District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and may require surgery. PCNL, an established modality for large renal stones, has not been adequately investigated in terms of the outcomes and salience of comorbidities to operative success in this part of India. To determine the commonality of kidney stones and their treatment results in patients undergoing PCNL at CMH Peshawar. To evaluate the efficacy of PCNL for managing kidney stones, we examined stone size, patient age, comorbidities, and postoperative clinical outcomes. Method: This is a retrospective study of 100 patients diagnosed with kidney stones between November and December 2024. Ten patients in 10 different demographic and clinical groups were analyzed. The hospital records were reviewed for clinical presentation, laboratory profiles, and postoperative care. After that, the patient was put on Antibiotics (Cefoperazone + Sulbactam) and a tablet of Tramadol for Pain Management. Renal function markers and surgical outcomes were statistically analyzed. Results: There was a high incidence of kidney stones in the region, and patients presented with different demographics and symptoms. Consequently, comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes are shown to be associated with the critical aspects of markers of renal function and also acquisition. Overall, PCNL was successful in stone extraction, but the treatments were associated with considerable hindrances such as infections and patient compliance issues. This finding underlines the necessity of personalized therapies, since patients with comorbidities suffer from more severe complications. Conclusion: The study showed a gradual increase in the burden of renal calculi at CMH Peshawar and an outstanding impact of PCNL to treat the stone. Incorporation of patient comorbidities into models of treatment response is critical to the development of personalized therapeutic approaches. The research also concludes its recommendation for large-scale studies and long-term follow-up to observe safety outcomes and a long-term plan of management in case of frequent kidney stones.