Public Awareness and Education on Radiation Risks during Pregnancy

Background: Radiation exposure during pregnancy is a critical concern due to its potential harmful effects on fetal development. While healthcare professionals play a vital role in ensuring radiation safety, their level of awareness significantly influences patient protection. This study aims to assess the awareness and understanding of radiation risks during pregnancy among radiology students and to highlight the importance of education in promoting safe imaging practices. Methods: A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted from [January 2025 – July 2025]among radiology students using a structured questionnaire comprising multiple-choice questions related to types of radiation, imaging safety, fetal risks, radiation protection measures, and regulatory guidelines. The responses were analyzed to evaluate knowledge levels and identify areas requiring educational reinforcement. Results: The study revealed a high level of awareness among participants regarding the risks of ionising radiation during pregnancy, with 82% identifying it as the most harmful type. Ultrasound was correctly chosen by 92.1% as the safest imaging modality for pregnant patients. Most students (67.3%) recognized multiple fetal risks such as miscarriage, birth defects, and developmental delays due to radiation exposure. Additionally, 88% identified CT scans as the imaging technique posing the highest risk during pregnancy. A strong understanding of radiation safety practices was observed, with over 90% correctly answering questions related to shielding, patient protocols, and the ALARA principle. However, some misconceptions persisted regarding the effects of non-ionising radiation and communication strategies. Conclusion: The findings indicate that radiology students possess a substantial understanding of radiation risks during pregnancy and demonstrate good awareness of safe imaging practices. Nonetheless, continued education is necessary to address residual misconceptions, particularly regarding non-ionising radiation and patient counseling. Enhancing awareness through targeted educational programs will contribute significantly to maternal and fetal safety in radiologic practice.