Assessing the Development and Challenges of Green Infrastructure in Robe City, Bale Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South East Ethiopia

<strong> Abstract</strong> Urban green infrastructure plays a vital role in enhancing environmental quality, promoting economic growth, and fostering social inclusion. However, despite its recognized importance, green infrastructure has often been neglected in urban planning and implementation processes. This study investigates the status, challenges, and opportunities of urban green infrastructure development in Robe City, Ethiopia. Employing a descriptive research design and a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 394 households through structured surveys and from 6 key informants via interviews. Sampling involved both probability (simple random) and non-probability (purposive) techniques. Primary data sources included questionnaires, interviews, field observations, and expert consultations, while secondary data were obtained from relevant literature and documents. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, and qualitative findings were descriptively interpreted. The results revealed that green infrastructure in Robe City was inadequately implemented compared to its proposed structural plans, largely due to poor management, limited public awareness, insufficient funding, a shortage of skilled personnel, and weak intersectoral coordination. Despite these challenges, the study identified several opportunities for improvement, including supportive policies and strategies, climate-resilient development initiatives, increased professional involvement, and ongoing urban development projects. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated and participatory planning approaches to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of urban green infrastructure in Robe City.