Use of Smartwatches in the Detection of Cardiac Rhythm Disorders: A Narrative Review

Abstract Smartwatches increasingly integrate photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors and single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) capabilities, creating new opportunities for early detection of cardiac rhythm disorders - particularly atrial fibrillation (AF). This review summarizes current evidence on diagnostic accuracy, technological limitations, clinical implications, implementation challenges, and perspectives for future research. We analyze clinical validation studies, algorithmic approaches, and guidelines addressing the use of smartwatch-based cardiac monitoring.