Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants

Medicinal plants have long been recognized for their therapeutic potential, particularly in traditional healthcare systems. The presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides has been linked to antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of three commonly used medicinal plants: Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Azadirachta indica (Neem), and Curcuma longa (Turmeric). Methanolic and aqueous extracts of plant leaves and rhizomes were prepared and subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis using standard protocols. Antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar well diffusion method. Results confirmed the presence of key secondary metabolites and demonstrated significant inhibitory zones, particularly in methanolic extracts of Ocimum sanctum and Curcuma longa. The findings suggest that these plants hold strong potential as natural antibacterial agents, supporting their use in alternative medicine and opening avenues for pharmaceutical applications.