Analysis of dye uptake rate of different types of reactive dyes and their compatibility with ramie and cotton fabric

Purpose The main purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing of 100% ramie and 100% cotton grey fabrics using three types of reactive dyes under controlled conditions to analyze various coloring parameters, including substantivity (S), exhaustion (E%), fixation (F%), and fixation rate (R), which served as the measuring unit to assess reactive dyes’ compatibility. Design/methodology/approach This study evaluated the dyeing performance of 100% ramie and 100% cotton fabrics using red 195, yellow 145 and blue 194 reactive dyes. Dyeing was conducted under controlled conditions, measuring parameters like substantivity (S), exhaustion (E%), fixation (F%) and fixation rate (R) to assess dye compatibility. The impact of soda on dye absorption and fixation was analyzed. Color strength (K/S) values, wash fastness and color uniformity were assessed to compare dyeing effectiveness and fabric durability. Graphical analysis provided a comprehensive comparison of dye performance across fabrics and dyes, highlighting differences in absorption and fixation properties. Findings This study found that soda addition improved exhaustion %, fixation % and fixation rate in both ramie and cotton fabrics. Reactive dye substantivity values for red 195, yellow 145 and blue 194 were 22.39, 25.64 and 25.37, respectively. Ramie fabric exhibited higher color strength (6.76) than cotton (5.84), indicating better dyeing performance. Both fabrics showed excellent wash fastness (rated 5), except for nylon 66 on ramie. Ramie also demonstrated better color uniformity (0.16) than cotton (0.21). Overall, ramie outperformed cotton in dye absorption, color strength and uniformity, confirming its superior suitability for reactive dyeing. Research limitations/implications 100% ramie and 100% cotton gray fabrics were dyed only using three types of reactive dyes. Practical implications This study emphasizes the role of soda in enhancing dye absorption and fixation, particularly for reactive dyes on ramie and cotton fabrics. These findings can help manufacturers optimize dyeing processes for improved color uniformity, durability and fabric quality, especially when working with different cellulosic materials. Social implications The study’s findings can contribute to more sustainable and efficient dyeing processes in the textile industry, potentially reducing environmental impact and improving the longevity of dyed fabrics. Originality/value This study provides original insights into the impact of soda on the dyeing performance of reactive dyes on ramie and cotton fabrics, highlighting the potential for improving color matching, absorption and fastness properties, particularly for sustainable textile processes.