Human Existence in Modern Arab Drama: Al-Hakim, Idris, and Abd Al-Ghafore, Existence and Absurdity

This paper examines the theme of human existence in modern Arab drama through the works of Tawfiq Al-Hakim, Yusuf Idris, and Abd Al-Ghafour. By exploring the philosophical influences of existentialism and absurdism, the study highlights how these playwrights represented the tensions between freedom, identity, absurd reality, and the search for meaning in post-colonial Arab societies. The analysis shows how the characters’ struggles reflect wider cultural and social questions about agency, political authority, and individual responsibility. This research contributes to the understanding of modern Arabic theatre as a dynamic intellectual space where dramatic form and philosophical thought intersect.