RAIM Availability of GPS/BDS/Galileo Multi-Frequency Combination

In critical safety domains like civil aviation, Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) supports integrity services from oceanic routes to non-precision approaches (NPA). The expansion of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) civil frequencies improves these services. To evaluate RAIM availability enhancements from Multi-Frequency Multi-System (MFMS) integration, observation data and broadcast ephemeris from 18 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations were analyzed for GPS/BDS/Galileo (Global Positioning System/BeiDou Navigation Satellite System/Galileo Navigation Satellite System) combinations. The results indicate that MFMS integration significantly improves positioning and integrity performance compared to single-system operation.