Sustainable Architecture in Southern Syria As-Suwayda as a Model and the Characteristics of Sustainable Housing

This article explores the vernacular architecture of Southern Syria, specifically in As-Suwayda, as a practical model of innate sustainability. The research analyzes the design principles adopted by this architecture to achieve a balance between environmental and socio-cultural dimensions. The study highlights passive environmental design strategies, such as the intelligent use of basalt stone's thermal mass, control of openings, and architectural orientation. It also focuses on the social and cultural significance of architectural elements like the Internal Courtyard (Housh) and its role as a micro-climatic regulator and private space. The article concludes by extracting the essential characteristics of sustainable housing, such as Resource Self-Reliance and Contextual Responsiveness, offering valuable lessons to guide contemporary architectural practices toward a more sustainable and locally rooted path.