The impact of cigarette smoking on coronary artery disease: A comprehensive review

Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of illness and death worldwide, with cigarette smoking being a significant modifiable risk factor for its onset and progression. This review examines the pathophysiological mechanisms by which smoking contributes to CAD, including endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and increased blood clotting tendencies. Epidemiological data emphasize the substantial burden of CAD among smokers and the direct link between smoking intensity and disease severity. Additionally, the review explores the harmful components of cigarette smoke and their specific effects on cardiovascular health. The paper highlights smoking cessation as a key strategy for preventing and managing CAD, addressing both its benefits and the challenges associated with quitting. It discusses various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, underscoring the need for targeted smoking cessation programs to reduce CAD risk and enhance cardiovascular health.